It’s a new year, gyms are unusually busy, and many of us have started a new physical activity. Several health clubs offer fun, interactive and dynamic exercises like full-body workouts, functional training, CrossFit, high-intensity interval training, spinning, etc.
Some of these courses incorporate intense workouts, which was a hot topic in exercise physiology in 2017. These programs generate considerable enthusiasm among my friends, family, and patients. Some of these classes have loud music, lights, and coaches whose job it is to push you to a new level. Increasing the intensity of a workout can provide significant health benefits for some; however, lately we are starting to see cases of life-threatening illnesses resulting from these activities. It’s called rhabdo.
The other day I saw someone wearing a shirt that said “Push to Rhabdo.” This made me cringe. And I realized that, although rare, some people don’t understand how serious rhabdo can be.
What is rhabdo?
Rhabdo is short for rhabdomyolysis. This rare condition occurs when muscle cells burst and release their contents into the bloodstream. This can cause a range of problems, including weakness, muscle pain, and dark or brown urine. The damage can be so severe that it can lead to kidney damage. Intense physical activity is only one cause. Others include medication side effects, alcohol use, drug overdoses, infections, and trauma/crush injuries. Fortunately, most people with rhabdo don’t get sick enough to require hospitalization. But if you develop any of these symptoms after an intense workout, it’s a good idea to make an appointment with your doctor. A simple blood and urine test could help make the diagnosis.
How to avoid rhabdo
I know you’re probably excited about your new exercise program and want to excel. And it’s great. But take it easy, especially if it’s a new exercise routine. You want to challenge your body, but avoid extremes. If you’re working with a trainer, be sure to tell them where you stand in terms of fitness and health concerns. Furthermore:
- To drink a lot of water. This will help prevent problems and flush your kidneys.
- Avoid using anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen and naproxen. These medications can worsen kidney function.
- Avoid drinking alcohol. Alcohol is a diuretic, meaning it makes you more dehydrated. You need more fluids in your system, not the other way around.
If you experience severe pain and fatigue after your workout, you should call your doctor. Most cases of rhabdo are treated at home simply by increasing fluid intake. If muscle enzyme levels are high or there are signs of kidney problems, IV fluids may be needed. In some cases, we have to admit patients to hospital and even intensive care for close monitoring and further treatment.
Ramp up safely
Be smart and train your muscles to adapt to a new activity. Exercise is best if it’s enjoyable and entertaining, and I have to say that some of these classes are incredibly fun. But make sure you listen to your body. Be wary of trainers who might push you too hard to the point of exhaustion. This shouldn’t be your goal when starting a brand new routine, especially if you haven’t been active in a while. A good trainer should get to know you and will tailor the exercise routine to your fitness level. Adding a new workout to your day is probably one of the healthiest habits you can adopt in 2018, but don’t “push to rhabdo.” Instead, push slowly but steadily, challenging your body to achieve wellness and better function.
